The goal of this session is to enable the bedside professional to use a systematic approach in the interpretation of 12-lead ECGs and apply it to the clinical setting. Recognition of normal waves, a “quick and dirty” way to determine axis, and abnormalities are presented. The extensive handout is easy to follow and includes a composite reference sheet to use in the session and post on the clinical unit afterwards.

Changes in the 12-lead ECG occur with numerous conditions including pathological disorders, electrolyte, and acid base imbalances, and with medications such as beta blockers, sodium channel blockers, phenothiazines, cyclic antidepressants, digoxin (Lanoxin) and many more.

Clinical correlation is included with each area including assessment parameters, clinical implication, and treatment modalities. Numerous 12-lead tracings are examined using a systematic approach.

A review of the following is incorporated into this interactive course:
• Ischemia, injury, and infarction
• Wellen’s syndrome
• Acute, evolving, and old infarction
• Atrial hypertrophy
• Ventricular hypertrophy
• Bundle branch blocks
• Fascicular blocks
• Pericarditis
• Pericardial effusion and tamponade • Cerebrovascular accident
• Ventricular aneurysm
• Hypothermia
• Hypothyroidism
• Pulmonary embolism

Learning outcome: As a result of knowledge and practice acquired in this session, the participant will be able to systematically look at a 12-lead ECG and recognize axis; patterns of ischemia, injury, and infarction; and bundle branch blocks. Hemiblocks, chamber hypertrophy, and medical conditions leading to changes on the 12-lead ECG will also be presented. Changes in the 12-lead ECG will be clinically correlated to the patient condition.